PoSiTive ToXin??

What is positive toxin?
before this we just know about harmfull toxic in our older post.. But not all toxin is not good for our body.. some time toxin is needed in our body as an antibody...so positive toxin here is define as a good toxin needed in our body..

Microbial toxins are toxins produced by microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses and fungi. Microbial toxins are important virulence determinants responsible for microbial pathogenicity and/or evasion of the host immune response. Some bacterial toxins, such as Botulinum neurotoxins, are the most potent natural toxins known. However, microbial toxins also have important uses in medical science and research. Potential applications of toxin research include combating microbial virulence, the development of novel anti-cancer drugs and other medicines, and the use of toxins as tools in neurobiology and cellular biology.

Botulinum neurotoxin

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most potent natural toxins known. They act as metalloproteinases that enter peripheral cholinergic nerve terminals and cleave proteins that are crucial components of the neuroexocytosis apparatus, causing a persistent but reversible inhibition of neurotransmitter release resulting in flaccid muscle paralysis.

Anthrax toxin

Bacillus anthracis produces two major virulence factors, a tripartite exotoxin referred to as anthrax toxin, and an antiphagocytic capsule.

Subtilase cytotoxin

This cleavage triggers a severe ER stress response, ultimately resulting in apoptosis. The B subunit has specificity for glycans terminating in the sialic acid N-glycolylneuraminic acid. The role of SubAB in human disease remains to be established.

Pasteurella multocida toxin

Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT) is the major pathogenic deteriment of Pasteurella multocida. The species P. multocida causes various causative agent of the economically important atrophic diseases of animals and humans. The toxin is therhinitis in swine.

Vibrio RTX toxins

Multifunctional-Autoprocessing RTX toxins are a unique family of secreted proteins toxins, predominantly produced by the Vibrio sp.

Helicobacter pylori toxin
Helicobacter pylori, a Gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the human stomach, secretes a toxin known as VacA. This toxin was initially identified based on its ability to cause vacuolation in cultured gastric epithelial cells.

Staphylococcal toxins

Immune evasion proteins from Staphylococcus aureus have a significant conservation of protein structures and a range of activities that are all directed at the two key elements of host immunity, complement and neutrophils. These secreted virulence factors assist the bacterium to surivive the immune response.

Cyanobacteria toxins

Cyanobacteria produce a large variety of bioactive compounds, including substances with anti-cancer and anti-viral activity, UV protectants, specific inhibitors of enzymes, and potent hepatotoxins and neurotoxins.

resource: www.wikipedia.com

by:*esyahzul*